Exterior of the Nasdaq Tower (MarketSite) in Times Square, New York

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EconomySimon Willison's Weblog · ReutersSep 23, 2026

AI optimism pushed the Nasdaq to record highs as Anthropic and OpenAI opened a new price war

Wall Street and Asian markets rallied this week on renewed AI enthusiasm, with the Nasdaq closing at record highs as chipmaker and AI-linked valuations climbed and Treasury yields eased back from recent peaks. The rally coincided with a burst of new model releases: Anthropic unveiled Claude Opus 5.5, and OpenAI expanded its GPT-6 lineup with cheaper Sol and Luna variants, intensifying a price war among the major AI labs even as investors continued to bet heavily on both sides of an increasingly bifurcated US-China AI race around the Trump-Xi summit. Financial stocks lagged the broader rally as a flattening yield curve drew attention, and analysts pointed to Meta's fast-growing Muse AI agent as a case study in how quickly Wall Street now expects AI products to become genuine revenue engines rather than experimental sideshows. The rally underscored how thoroughly AI enthusiasm has come to set the market's tone, for better or worse, nearly four years into the current boom.

Analogies

"Irrational Exuberance"

But how do we know when irrational exuberance has unduly escalated asset values, which then become subject to unexpected and prolonged contractions as they have in Japan over the past decade?
Alan Greenspan, "The Challenge of Central Banking in a Democratic Society," Federal Reserve speech, Dec. 5, 1996 →
1904 Puck cartoon "Next!" showing a Standard Oil tank as an octopus with tentacles wrapped around industries and government buildings

"Cutting to Kill"

If this is impossible, it threatens 'predatory competition,' that is, to sell at cost or less, until the rival is worn out.
Ida M. Tarbell, The History of the Standard Oil Company, Vol. 2, Ch. 10 (1904) →

Tulipomania

A golden bait hung temptingly out before the people, and, one after the other, they rushed to the tulip marts, like flies around a honey-pot.
Charles Mackay, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (1841) →

The Pit

The Pit was mad, was drunk and frenzied; not a man of all those who fought and scrambled and shouted who knew what he or his neighbour did.
Frank Norris, The Pit: A Story of Chicago (1903) →
Flora's Wagon of Fools, a Dutch allegorical painting satirizing tulip mania, c. 1637

Flora's Wagon of Fools

An allegorical satire of the Dutch tulip mania: the goddess Flora rides a wagon full of fools toward the sea, her followers weighing coins and clutching tulip bulbs as they are swept toward ruin.
Hendrik Gerritsz Pot, painting, c. 1637 (Frans Hals Museum) →
Hogarth's 1721 satirical engraving on the South Sea Bubble

An Emblematical Print on the South Sea Scheme

Hogarth's earliest major satirical print shows a carousel of ruined speculators — clergymen, nobles and commoners alike — spinning around a monument to the collapsed South Sea Company while Fortune and Devil preside over the wreckage.
William Hogarth, engraving, 1721 →